Evaluating Design Choice and Threats to Validity in an Experimental Coursework

Assessing Design Choice and Threats to Validity in an Experimental Design - Coursework Example er had chosen the semi structure on the grounds that the exploration was taking the state of a trial look into that would include an instructive experimentation on the effect of a 2-level educational program on the scholastic execution of understudies. In semi structure, the most exceptional contrast that is seen from different types of plans is in the determination of respondents on the grounds that semi configuration comes up short on the central elements of arbitrary task of respondents (Wade et al, 2009). The semi configuration was chosen dependent on various elements. The first has to do with the way that the analyst was attempted an instructive investigation and felt that the semi configuration would guarantee openness to respondents since there would have been an enormous populace to manage. It has been noticed that in circumstances were there are enormous populaces for the scientist to manage; working with semi configuration decreases the aggregate sum of work that the analys t needs to do in an arbitrary testing system. In this manner, it was simpler for the current scientist to choose only a class and utilize the register framework to choose the example size. Another explanation for the author’s justification for semi configuration was in the way that the semi configuration introduced itself with the chance to attempt singular contextual analyses whiles tending to the first research issue. Such coordinated contextual analyses were essential in testing the factors to the last mentioned. At last, semi for the most part helped in the decrease of in general time and asset expected to finish the examination (Broadwings, 2009). This was a significant basis in light of the fact that the analyst was embraced a scholarly research that was time bound. Having chosen the semi plan, the specialist sketched out various validities of the examination. The primary kind of legitimacy introduced was out of sight of the respondents, all of who the specialist noted was having the equivalent instructive foundation thus had an equivalent possibility of meeting the factors set.

Viable Research Topic Assessment And Information Source Evaluation Paper

Feasible Topic Assessment And Information Source Evaluation - Research Paper Example ach my Research Proposal as a strategy of Payday Loan administrations to comfort stores, this are organizations giving credit administrations among different business capacities. This subject is of incredible incentive as a great many people come up short on money every once in a while during shopping; from the business perspective they are considered as potential objective clients for the business (Miller, 2012). The field-tested strategy will concentrate on the basic territories that make up a decent and fruitful new company. This data can be critical to the understudy in this manner valuable for future undertakings. There are sufficient assets that will help during improvement of such an arrangement (Brooks and Dunn., 2009). With some direction from others the data can be useful to present and future businesses for reference, a similar data can be gotten from libraries and other government asset focuses on the web. With considerable data one can see how to compose a marketable str ategy of an expert norm, by knowing the basic components of strategies. With various examples close by one is empowered to compose an expert arrangement (Harold and Heinz, 2008). The arrangement will incorporate the business structure of the organization both in size and multifaceted nature. It will likewise concentrate on the wellsprings of financing for the business, the organization depiction that is for this case it will loan foundation that will increasingly unique in relation to the banks, that is quicker administrations and less expensive to the clients as far as premium charges (Ireland, Hitt, and Hoskisson, 2009). The arrangement will incorporate the guidelines administering the administrations, the approaches to procure pay and furthermore the methods of recruiting workers to the organization. Authorizing and other lawful rules in the business as set by the legislature will be likewise a basic segment of marketable strategy (Braswell, R.McCarthy, and McCarthy, 2012). The primary advantages of the payday advance administrations to clients is to spare time used to process credits in banks, set aside cash through the

adoption of organic food - 4675 Words

adoption of organic food (Case Study Sample) Content: Adoption of Organic Food Production Name Course Institution Introduction Organic farming entails the use of biological methods in all farming practices. Ideally, the approach engages the farmers in the use of manure sourced from animals and biologically developed growing and controlling methods. The method enables the society to deviate from the consumption of food products grown under the utilization of chemical products (Lockie C.A.B. International, 2006). Arguments are that the farming technique is gaining momentum since the products grown and marketed are less intoxicating to human health compared to those grown using chemical methods. The marginal growth indicated that a 20% consumer population by the year 2001 embraced the agricultural approach (Adams Salois, 2010). The trend has since changed, and the revenues accrued from the produce sales stands at US$70 billion in current surveys. Therefore, organic agriculture continues to present abundant products to the global consumer markets and it seems that the population is diverting from the use of ch emically grown and processed farm products. The study evaluates and asserts on the production, marketing, and economic practices associated with the adoption of organic agricultural approaches. Organic agricultural practices are converging into the application of several principles, which ensure that the grown and marketed products suit the needs of the global consumers. For instance, the Principle of Health encompasses the farmers to execute their practices into producing the best agricultural goods without exposing the lives of the consumers into a series of risks (Chaudhry, et al. 2010). The principle stipulates that the process of organic farming prevail at the extent when the practices enhance the health of the soil as well as that of the plants (Belk, 2010). Further, the animals and human consumers' lives should accrue benefits rather than health risks from the consumption (Sun, 2012). Secondly, the Principle of Ecology dictates that the farming practices executed by the players should serve to emulate and enhance the ecological systems and cycles and emulate towards a sustainable edge (Mayen, Balagtas, Alexander, 2010). On the third account, the Principle of Fairnes s sets organic agricultural standards above par through the implementation of terms and conditions to ensure the benefits are distributed to the environmental factors equitably (Hand Martinez, 2010). Lastly, the Principle of Care beseeches the parties in the organic agricultural sector to execute precautionary and quality control practices for the benefit of the society, environment, and the future generations (Lal, 2011). Market value of organic commodities The market trends of organic agricultural products have been changing since the beginning of the Millennium. It is evident that the revenues accrued from the sales of organic agro-products were US$20 billion. The trend increasingly changed over the first decade to stand at $35 billion in 2011. Other producers of the products include South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan (Smith Olesen, 2010). The market value of organic agricultural products is continuously increasing with the global community realizing the benefits of consuming the products over those grown with the use of inorganic practices (Henson Humphrey, 2010). The EU seems to be unifying approaches to pricing to determine the delivery of the best measures, which will ensure that farmers of the member states engage on organic agriculture practices (Blair, 2011). Members of the associations aiming to draw the global production and consumption to embrace a 100% use of organic products assert that reduction of taxes and funding of the products is the key to increased demand of the products. Ideally, the current situation of organic agricultural practices is improving as retail stores and other market intermediaries continually create shelf space to the products (KlopcÃÅ'Å’icÃÅ'Å’ Kuipers, 2013). For instance, Tesco, Asda, and Morrisons are the leading retail chain stores for the purchase and sale of organic agricultural products. In the U.S.A, Asda and Wal-Mart are competitive in establishing profound market shares in the organic food products' sales segment (Chakrabarti, 2010). Precisely, the giant retail stores are remarkably influential to the segment's produce since most of the consumers visit the shops with views of purchasing products and services of the best quality. Members of the segment must conform to the call for unified pr icing approaches since it is serviceable to curbing the threats of overproduction, underproduction, and undervaluation of the organic agricultural products presented in the markets (White, et al. 2010). The demand of the products is rising whenever its supply is efficient and it is likely that the demand will not change. The demand is high for the ageing population, which seeks to consume biologically developed and grown food products to avoid the risks associated with inorganic farming methods (Baourakis, 2004). The increased supply of the products in the US, UK, Japan, and other regions with profound economic basis is an indication that consumer awareness is stimulating a level of increased demand for the long-term benefits. Further, the EU has enforced a policy that seeks to establish a "minimum price" for the entire regional members to adapt a realistic approach in the reduction of uncertainty for the member countries' farmers (Kotler, 2011). The resolution seems to be appropriate since the internal population will be observant to ensure that the farmers engage in healthy, caring, and environmentally friendly practices, and the prices stipulated for the products compare reasonably with that enforced by the regional conventions (Klonsky Greene, 2005). The use of a minimum price approach affects the demand and supply practices for organic agricultural goods. The effects of a minimum price approach are that the supply of the agricultural products presented by different farmers from different continents to the global markets will increase according to every slight increment in demand (Tuomisto, et al. 2012). The obvious reason to the positive elasticity of organic agricultural products' demand emanates from the increasing awareness of the detrimental effects of consuming inorganic agricultural products. For instance, the market is realistic of the cancerous effects that are borne by the lengthened use of products grown under the application of chemical measures (Kuminoff Wossink, 2010). The price remains constant and the farmers compete to produce and exploit the market rather than produce and sell in accordance to the level of demand (Kristiansen, et al. 2006). It is certain that the demand and supply of organic agricultural products is likely to show positive congruence to the law of demand since the minimum price is constraint in the cases of underproduction or overproduction during the low and high the seasons (Conferencia, et al. 2006). Further, the organic food consumers are contented of the availability of supply despite the seasonal changes hence they are increasing their margin al consumption patterns. Further, families with infants are increasingly entering the market segment and it is evident that the rate of increase in the consumer population is tripling (LÃÆ'Â ¤pple, 2010). The use of price quotas in the segment is an abundant solution to ensure that the organic agricultural market within the producing member states conform to the ideal needs of the relevant organizations and consumers (Kearney, 2010). Certainly, the imposed quotas seek to restrain the prevalence of overproduction since the farmers acknowledge that the concerned governments do not seek to bar growth in output, but rather target to ensure that the markets decipher adequate supply with reduced rates of scarcity and overproduction (Massoud, et al. 2010). The market value of the organic products is adequate since the planners show their devotion in evaluating the needs and preferences of the consumers prior to the delivery processes (Canavari Olson, 2007). The concerned unions' use of subsidies and incentives to discourage the use of chemical agricultural methods are of profound resolutions into ensuring that the markets continue to uphold the necessary values drawn from the products' cons umption (SÃ ¡nchez, 2010). The application of embargoes and quotas in the EU, NAFTA, and the South Asian organizations are an appropriate surety that the goods availed into the markets are beneficial and fit for human consumption (Mount, 2012). Therefore, the market value of the produce is continuously increasing over the challenges of other agricultural products for the consumers remain to be loyal to the biologically grown and processed products (Sandhu, Wratten, Cullen, 2010). Further, the 35% growth is viewed as increasing since new consumer groups are entering the markets. Currently, the market value of organic agricultural products stands at $60 billion. The U.S.A undertakes most of the agricultural activities and markets the products to the European and South Asian regions (Pereira Ortega, 2010). Economic considerations The global economic growth towards organic agricultural production and consumption seems to be on a positive and a constant upwards trend since the onset of the 1990's especially in developing countries (Seufert, Ramankutty, Foley, 2012). The USDA organization asserts that the demand and supply of organic food products are currently on the rise with the current statistics revealing a double-digit growth. Arguably, the organization stipulates that the products are available in 3 out of every 4 stores in the local and foreign markets (Behnassi, Pollmann, Kissinger, 2013). However, the economic trend seems to be affecting ...

Performance Management At The Strategic Human Resource...

Introduction Performance management has grown in importance within the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) field due to an increase in the expected level of employee accountability. Performance levels effect compensation, goal setting, training and development, succession, administrative action and appraisal, therefore a successful review plan is essential for a smoothly functioning organization (Maylett, 2009, p. 52). Performance review allows for strategic decision-making regarding employee advancement, retention, and separation, while providing insight into career planning (Pynes, 2013, p. 304). Performance review and feedback also allow the agency to gauge the effectiveness of the human resource management department’s actions and how they are working to execute the mission of the organization. Performance management methods, such as reviews, can allow the employer to discover what motivates their employees. Be it wage increase, bonuses, or praise, motivation is essential in keeping employee morale high. Review also allows for evaluation of the employee’s KSAOC’s to reveal any shortcomings in critical skill areas; this may reveal a need for a change in employee recruitment methods or the addition of training programs. Managerial training is an essential part of any review process. An untrained rater will be unable to provide feedback in a manner that is beneficial to the ratee. Evaluations should be objective, in order to prevent discrimination orShow MoreRelated‘Effective Strategic Human Resource Management Leads to Improvements in Organizational Performance.’ Discuss2662 Words   |  11 Pages‘Effective strategic human resource management leads to improvements in organizational performance.’ Discuss Over the last centurary, Human Resource Management (HRM), the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization and also performed by line  managers (Heathfield), has exploded with interest and its prominence has increased greatly. 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According to ourRead MoreMicrosofts Human Resource Management Strategy679 Words   |  3 PagesCORPORATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Company Profile: Microsoft Corporation Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management Talent Management Strategies Compensation and benefit packages for employees Policies and practices for Labor relations management Comparison with the Competitors Conclusion OBJECTIVES OF THE HRM STRATEGY To design effective talent management strategies; including recruitment and selection, motivation and retention, performance managementRead MoreHuman Resource Management : The Management Of An Organization1250 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is the management of an organization to build and maintain the relation between the employee and the organization in order to meet business objectives and employee expectations. The process of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization. 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This organizational strategy has been integrated in several businesses mainly toRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1738 Words   |  7 PagesSTRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Strategic human resource management is the process of linking the human resource function with the strategic objectives of the organization in order to improve performance. Strategic management The word ‘strategy’, deriving from the Greek noun strategus, meaning ‘commander in chief’, was first used in the English language in 1656. The development and usage of the word suggests that it is composed of stratos (army) and agein (to lead). In a management context

U.s. Foreign Policy History - 2175 Words

The course of U.S. foreign policy history can be understood through â€Å"watersheds,† or critical points. These points can serve as dividing lines that illuminate shifts in policy and opinion. However, thinking of this history in terms of critical moments or turning points can simplify the complex actors, sentiments and tendencies that create and influence foreign policy. These critical points are not necessarily the sole cause of massive shifts in policy, but often add impetus to pre-existing tendencies. Nonetheless, watersheds can help the public digest patterns in foreign policy, playing an important role in how American’s perceive their role in the world. According to Brzezinski, â€Å"America’s relationship with the world has been characterized by cycles of ‘extroversion’ and ‘introversion’,† or involvement and isolationism. Throughout the nation’s history, Americans have witnessed and influenced many shifts or turns in this cycle, caused, exacerbated or illuminated by several critical events. Through this lens, the Spanish-American War, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War and 9/11 are critical points that added the impetus to shift the cycle of U.S. foreign policy in the other direction. The Spanish-American war paved the way for American Imperialism, illuminating a shift towards interventionist policies. Emerging from post-WWI isolationism, the attack on Pearl Harbor created an immediate national consensus, realigning foreign policy towards international involvement andShow MoreRelatedU.s. Foreign Policy : Global Power For Recent History2602 Words   |  11 PagesThe United States (US) has been the major global power for recent history – they have been labelled as the superpower and many smaller, developing nations have looked to the US for assistance in times of crisis. 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Foreign Policy1007 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation, race, and culture on history to a far more prominent degree than course books composed fifty years prior. However recent course material has kept on offering the same focal account about Americas past: the development of the national government. One of the real ways that course materials accentuate the significance of the national government is by examining presidential administrations at overwhelming length. Presidents are, obviously, imperative to American history, yet it appears to be wrongRead MoreSomalias Struggle for Power Essay example1524 Words   |  7 Pagespiracy, human trafficking and famine causing instability locally and throughout the Horn of Africa. Although U.S. backed Somali Federal Government (SFG) has had some recent success against the al Qaeda (AQ) link ed al-Shabaab, Somalia continue to face local and regional border disputes. 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Vietnam War On American Culture, Politics, And Foreign Policy1060 Words   |  5 PagesRegarded as one of the most controversial and polarizing military conflicts in U.S. history, the Vietnam War has left a deep and lasting impact on American culture, politics, and foreign policy. From 1964 to the present day, the Vietnam War redefined the scope of U.S. influence both at home and abroad, and caused a fundamental shift in American society that dramatically changed the way in which Americans viewed their government and the role of the United States as a world power. For an entire generationRead MoreFour approaches to the political economy development of Latin America1734 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding the political and institutional constrains that have shaped the development of Latin American countries. They have also incorporated into the analysis variables such as the influence of international organizations and the economic and class history, and its relation with one of the principal characteristics of Latin American countries: the disparity betw een the wealthy and the poor. Throughout this work, I intend to summarize and review four of the most representative theories that have helpedRead MoreForeign Policy Of The United States1042 Words   |  5 Pages The foreign policy of the United States of America is the process in which it cooperates with foreign nations and sets guidelines of communication for the rest of the world. The foreign policy of the United States is the strategy by which the United States communicates with foreign countries. The U.S. has a powerful influence in this world. 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Accounting Elites and Accounting Theory

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Elites and Accounting Theory. Answer: Introduction The Volkswagen case is in like manner an instance of how business orders approach making. Legislative issues shape corporate organization by setting chooses that associations are bound by and budgetary spurring strengths habitually accept an immense part in sketching out political slants. Proprietors, boss, and masters are responsible for getting the laws and headings they have to individuals by and large field to get their favored corporate organization result. Shareholder logic says that executives have the dedication to extend the rate of return and they are consistently the ones who need to confront beyond reconciliation conditions whether it is from wellsprings of compensation or hostile circumstances from apportioned shareholders or open/social targets (Demski, 1988). If corporate organization reporting standards are high, then it will be more troublesome for associations to submit distortion later on. Volkswagen emanation embarrassment is one of the significant outrages for th e association. For this circumstance up to 11 million overall buyers are conceivably impacted. This is possibly a phenomenal mass business ethics dissatisfaction in regards to scale and reputational hardship. Regardless, addresses stay with reference to whether this event will by and large change how associations are run Main theme of the paper In this paper the specialist will showcase the fact and identified with the well known engine auto producer Volkswagen and their few outrages in the aggressive business sector. To relieve the outrage and to attempt in the commercial center the administration of the association needs to actualize some efficacious bookkeeping hypotheses in the business process. The crucial concepts of bookkeeping are managed and categorized by different types of issues related to accounting. Overall computed framework is made by the board of FAS board, overall monetary policies and principles are set by this board. For understanding the overall accounting concepts and theories; accountants and economists have focused on the previous research papers. After having all those data, they set overall accounting framework. General study depends on the bookkeeping speculations and its illustrations with respect to the Volkswagen auto producer (Bryer, 2013). In this exposition the specialist has talked about th e conceivable issues identified with the bookkeeping and budgetary point of view of the association and how it can influence the partners of the association. In this exposition the specialist has portrayed the handiness and subjective qualities of the association and the applied structure for the bookkeeping speculations which advances the data with respect to the money related point of view of the association like Volkswagen and its pertinent, equivalent and dependable information. Because of the few embarrassments in the business sector the partners of the organization like Volkswagen are influenced in a few viewpoints in their business procedure. The principle partners of the association are clients, workers, merchants, shareholders, administrators and the administration staffs of the association. Volkswagen concentrated on a procedure that, if revealed, was ceaselessly going to wreck for both their essential concern and their reputation. They adjusted their automobiles to evade area. It wasn't an oversight or an incident; it was an intentional deluding when their whole picture suggestion relies on upon security and common insight (Jnsson, 1991). The expense of environmental security is everlasting and self-ruling deliberateness - nearby improved releases tests in genuine conditions. By then Volkswagen drivers may eventually have the ability to flash each other peace signs without feeling like they're smothering the planet. Clients of the association confront a few challenges in the phase of embarrassment period inside the association. The clients are managing the review bothers at the season of emanation embarrassment. At the season of outrage period the clients of the association confronts shame and outrage because of the purchasing of a less faithful and sparkling auto model in the business sector.Workers are the fundamental partner of the association. Because of the issues of the responsibility the representatives can confront a few challenges in their managing examination and frequently they confront some embracement in their business. The shareholder of the association has frequently enduring stunning in their business viewpoint. In all likelihood unrecoverable decency misfortunes, organizing various sorts of principle suit in numerous locales in their business procedure. Each and every business organization wants to be sustainable in the market so that it can face any kind of challenge during financial disaster. This could only be possible if the organization gets support from their workers and other stakeholders. It has been observed through analysis that sustainable organizations prepare the framework of the business on the basis of situation or demand. Volkswagen is a sustainable organization and this is reason management follows different framework so that it can fight with different disasters (Whitley, 1988). The supervisor of the respective company has tough duty to forecast the principles for getting long targets and goals. Cash related reasonability is about adaptability. Temperate associations can survive dazes, whether from budgetary crises or trademark cataclysms. This adaptability begins from strong relationship with their agents, their gatherings, and nature. Supportable associations keep away from clashing with the very structures that ensure their whole deal accomplishment. It is too tough for the management or supervisor to decide whether taken strategy would be helpful or not. In cases like Volkswagen, the pioneers were exceedingly shown individuals enveloped by unbelievable accomplices. There was no absence of theme dominance. Through the open minded mentality and thinking of the Volkswagen Company can lead the business towards a better direction and this has been the main aspect of the Volkswagen success factor. Due to these issues, the respective company is now on the top of milestones. By the assistance of various responsibility speculations the association like Volkswagen can relieve their danger and issue identified with their business prospects. Diesel is preferable known in Europe over in America, in immense part as an aftereffect of natural testing measures. Gas engines exude more carbon dioxide, diesel engines, which are more gainful fuel-wise, transmit considerably more nitrogen oxides (NOx) than gas engines. Since the presentation of the US Clean Air Act of 1970, NOx transmissions are subjected to more stringent controls than COà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ releases here, while over the lake, COà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ is more solidly controlled than NOx. Along these lines diesel autos make up 33% of the explorer vehicle fleet in Europe anyway it is a relative anomaly in the U.S. Volkswagen, which makes an extensive parcel of the savages, thought up and presented a code functioning as a "whipping contraption" to sense when one of its diesel vehicles was being striven for ni trogen oxide releases test. Once a test was recognized, the item would diminish torque and NOx releases, while under normal conditions, that is, the time when the vehicle was not being striven for radiations, the auto would be guided by an alternate venture that would grow accelerating, torque, and mileage (Montagna, 1991).Viability and corporate social commitment are troublesome. Every boss goes up against tradeoffs between the transient and the whole deal, between quarterly advantages and the more drawn out term characteristic impact, between their yearly pay and the survival of the business. We endeavor to instruct our understudies to grasp the unpredictability of managerial fundamental initiative. Business pioneers need to face these tradeoffs, not ignore them. Conclusion While it is still too early to know where to lay the shortcoming in the VW insult, power disillusionments of this compose are routinely due to a failure in character, not a nonappearance of aptitudes or duty. The three sections that reinforce awesome activity are character, capacities and obligation. If any of these is inadequate concerning, the shortage will undermine substitute sections and, finally, incite execution issues for pioneers, affiliations and their accomplices. References Bryer, R. (2013). Americanism and financial accounting theory Part 3: Adam Smith, the rise and fall of socialism, and Irving Fisher's theory of accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 24(7-8), pp.572-615. Demski, J. (1988). Positive accounting theory: A review.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 13(6), pp.623-629. Jnsson, S. (1991). Accounting elites and accounting theory: A reply to Paul Montagna.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 16(1), pp.101-103. Montagna, P. (1991). Accounting elites and accounting theory.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 16(1), pp.93-99. Watts, R. (1992). Accounting choice theory and market-based research in accounting.The British Accounting Review, 24(3), pp.235-267. Whitley, R. (1988). The possibility and utility of positive accounting theory.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 13(6), pp.631-645.

Post and Lintel Systems free essay sample

The Evolution of the Post and Lintel Structural System The post and lintel structural system, more commonly known today as post and beam, is a construction method used to hold the weight of a building through the use of two or more upright posts that support the horizontal beam/lintel that spans between them. This technique has been used for centuries and is still seen today. When this system was first put into place it was solely for structural support, but as time moved forward, we see a shift in its purpose as stylistic features are often added by different cultures that borrowed this technique. While reading through the chapters, I realized the changes made to the structural system began as a basis of construction and ended with the Romans who turned this support into art. Catal Huyuk, located in present day Turkey, was one of the first known urban communities that started around 6500 BCE and served as a trading town. We will write a custom essay sample on Post and Lintel Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This community was packed tight with dwelling houses, workshops, and shrines. There was no usage of streets to access the buildings and instead pedestrians traveled along the rooftops and entered through openings in the walls. In order to define one space from another, the residents used a timber post and lintel system and mud-brick walls to define ones rectangular spaced home. By doing this they have created one large perimeter wall that encompasses their entire community. In 2900 BCE, workers located on the Salisbury Plain in England began to create one of the most well known megalith stone structures titled Stonehenge. Here, we see another example of the early use of the post and lintel construction whose purpose was for structural reasoning only. The creators of Stonehenge created a layered system of circles that aided in determining the annual calendar as well as the prediction of lunar and solar eclipses. In the center is a U shaped formation of sacren stones known as the Trilithons, which establish the northeast axis of the structure. In order to ensure the stability of these stones, a lintel was placed atop every two stones where knobs on the top of the uprights fit into socket holes on the underside of the lintels therefore locking the two together. The stones seen here are shown in a very raw form and are not altered for visual appearance. In Egypt, we begin to see the structural post and lintel system being turned into a more visual appealing shape that adds to the overall appearance of the building through the use of colonnades. If you refer to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep and Queen Hatshepsut you will see construction similarities for they both use large ramps leading to the next terrace whose retaining walls consist of carved relief colonnades. These colonnades look the same from the front view having the same rectangular shape, but in the mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut there are cylindrical columns with fluting behind the rectangular piers that are now known as being proto-Doric for its relation to the orders of architecture soon to be created by the Greeks. The last two groups seen thus far who make a significant change to the post and lintel system are the Greeks and Romans. They are the ones credited for creating a system of column types that each has their own visual appealing aspects. The Greeks came up with a system of stylized treatments for bases, capitals, and the supported members, the entablature. This system then became a term that now acts as the basis for classical architecture, which is known as the orders of architecture containing the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. The Doric is the strongest and has a fluted shaft, no base, and an echinus molding supporting the abacus. The Ionic features scrolls in the capital and has a fluted shaft. The Corinthian is the order that features acanthus-leaf capitals atop a fluted shaft. The Romans add to the orders by the creation of the Tuscan, unfluted columns and simplified capitals, and Composite columns, a combination of Ionic and Corinthian features. In summary, we have seen the post and beam construction develop from a rudimentary to sophisticated design. The technology gets passed from culture to culture and generation-to-generation. With each, the system is refined based on local materials, cultural styles and technological advances of the time. Though the technology has changed appearances and multiplied options, the ancient systems are as common to today’s designs as when they were originated. The post and lintel system remains a popular aesthetic system every bit as relevant to organizing architecture and interior spaces today.

German Unification essays

German Unification essays The German unification and industrialization in 1871 has multiple effects on todays Germany. These effects brought quite difference from Great Britain, another vital power in European Union along with Germany. The major effects are: 1) Germanys marble-cake federalism that differs from Great Britains strong one centralized government, 2) its multi-party political system while British frequently has single-party government, 3) its unresolved issue of collective identity where Britain has fundamental idea of its identity, and 4) its governments active involvement in industrialization. In the fourth effect, British Government does not guide the market unless in cases of crisis. Thus, Germany has taken and continues to take a very different path from Great Britain to be one of the major powers in the world. One of the major influences of the late German unification in 1871 was the establishment of federalism. Due to its unification with Prussia and many states with different background, it was inevitable for the state to completely be unified as one central government with one identity. This led to todays marble-cake federalism in Germany, respecting regional diversity. Todays Germany has a strong sense of state tradition. Compared to Great Britain with centralized policies that apply to every part of the nation, sixteen Lander, or state governments, each has considerable powers independent from the federal government in Germany. Lander mainly uses this independency to develop its own regional industrial policy for economic growth. Land government encourages banks for investment and loan and private firm cooperation in order to stimulate its economic growth. It also invests on strong vocational education in order to provide the skills to produce high-quality products. Naturally, this system concludes that each German state has the authority to shape and prosper its own state, rather than one ...

Bureau of Correction Essay Example for Free

Bureau of Correction Essay Corrections in the Philippines started during pre-colonial times when the task was community-based. It was only during the Spanish regime that an organized corrective service was made operational. The main penitentiary was the Old Bilibid Prison at Oroquieta Street in Manila which was established in 1847. It was formally opened on April 10, 1986 by a Royal Decree. About four years later, on August 21, 1870, the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City was established to confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule. The facility which faced the Jolo Sea had Spanish-inspired dormitories and was originally set on a 1,414-hectare sprawling estate. When the Americans took over in the 1900s, the Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce and Police. It also paved the way for the re-establishment of San Ramon Prison in 1907, which was destroyed in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. It placed under the auspices of the Bureau of Prisons and started receiving prisoners from Mindanao. Before the reconstruction of San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, the Americans established in 1904 the Luhit Penal settlement (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a vast reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. It was located on the western most part of the archipelago far from the main town to confine incorrigibles with the hope of rehabilitation. The area was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912. Other penal colonies were established during the American regime. On November 27, 1929, the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City was created under Act No. 3579 while the Davao Penal colony in S outhern Mindanao was opened on January 21, 1932 under Act No. 3732. The CIW was founded to provide separate facilities for women offenders. To date, there are two Correctional Institutions for Women, the one mentioned in Mandaluyong and the other one is located in Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Dujali, Davao Del Norte. Owing to the increasing number of committals to the old Bilibid Prison in Manila, the New Bilibid Prison was established in 1935 in the southern suburb of Muntinlupa City. The old prison was transformed into a receiving center and a storage facility for farm produce from the colonies. It was later abandoned and is now under the jurisdiction of the Public Estates Authority. After the American regime, two more penal institutions were established. These were the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro under proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26, 1954 and Leyte Regional Prison under proclamation No. 1101 issued on January 16, 1973. The Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections under the New Administrative Code of 1987 and Presidential Proclamation No. 495 issued on November 22, 1987. It is one of the attached agencies of the Department of Justice. The Bureau of Corrections presently has seven satellite prisons, namely; the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, the Correctional Institution for Women in Mandaluyong City, the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro, the Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte, the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City and the Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Dujali, Panabo, Davao Del Norte. Of these prison satellites, the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City as the Central Office serves as the main penitentiary as the Central office is also located in there. As of August 2012, the total population of prisoners confined in all satellites of the BuCor is 20,000. It is at this juncture, that handling, managing and taking care of the records of these inmates are of complex types of work which have to be performed by the competent personnel assigned at the â€Å"Inmate Document and Processing Division.† Bureau of Correction. (2016, Dec 16).

Principles of Risk Communication and Public Warnings Essay

Principles of Risk Communication and Public Warnings - Essay Example From the responses on the meaning and purpose of information and advisories concerning risk management, a majority of the people did agree that risk management is extremely crucial to various fields. These warnings might be necessary for various reasons like weather crisis, geological disasters and radiological, industrial or medical emergencies. In order to come up with an effectual public warning, there has to be an agreement on who will start an alert. Moreover, what makes up an emergency, a system by which reports can be rapidly transmitted to the residents, and educational programs to train the public on how to identify an alert or what to do if an emergency is broadcast need to be considered. Travis emphasized this. The citizen’s perception of the risk can be impacted by the method and content of public warnings. Without sufficient risk information, the public might ignore the risk or engage in unsuitable actions, some of which might compromise instead of promoting the public’s safety. According to Tameyka, the public understands the basic knows very little on how to respond to emergencies and as such, it is necessary for the media to be provided with uncommo n emergency resource, which would be of significant help to the public. Margain supported the idea. From analysis, media plays a crucial role in the unequal distribution of aid and, therefore, it is necessary for residents to take more responsibility in their sustainability and recovery from any unusual occurrences that take place. For instance, the victims of Hurricane Katrina needed many aids; it is advisable that risk managers must take over from media scrutiny and base their decisions purely on risk evaluation decisions and equal allocation of aid and resources. It is also advisable that media should not be allowed to venerate the destruction, if there is hope for keeping people’s interest in the right place. According to Teresa,

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Criminal Law - Essay Example istorically, in some areas, property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty. Though the Napoleonic code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute, protection of personal property rights was present in more feudalist forms in the common law courts of medieval and early modern England. Property – Definition Blacks Law Dictionary states that "in the strict legal sense, [property is] an aggregate of rights which are guaranteed and protected by the government" and that the term "includes not only ownership and possession but also the right of use and enjoyment for lawful purposes." On the contrary, Barrons Law Dictionary classifies property as "ones exclusive right to possess, use, and dispose of a thing" [ . . . ] "as well as the object, benefit, or prerogative which constitutes the subject matter of that right." Divisions Property law can be divided into personal and real property. Real property concerns itself with rights in rem, or relating to land. Personal property concerns itself with rights in personam, or relating to chattels. Using contemporary descriptions, property has been depicted as oscillating between competing models of property as a fact, property as a right, and property as a responsibility. Declared ownership in and of itself is insufficient to constitute property in a legal sense. Rather, the idea of property arises where one can have his/her right to land or chattels respected and enforced by a court of law. Therefore, to possess good title (and thus enforceable rights) on property one must acquire it legitimately, according to the laws of the jurisdiction in which one seeks enforcement. Real property does not just talk of the ownership of property and buildings — it also involves several legal relationships between owners of immovable property (real estate) that are basically conceptual

René Magritte :: essays research papers

Renà © Magritte   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Renà © Magritte was born in Belgium on November 21, 1898. His childhood took place in Charlerloi. He was born to poverty and held left-wing political views. Magritte’s mother killed herself when he was only fourteen. He later joined the Communist Party. However, he preferred not to use his art for political causes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magritte started to create successful oil paintings in the 1920s. This is when Magritte started to come into his own. In 1922, Magritte got married to Georgette Berger. Magritte was inspired by Georgette and she became his model. He also became friendly with Victor Servranckx, who had developed a very geometric-abstract style. This was the beginning of a new direction for Magritte. In 1927 Magritte and Georgette moved to Paris to be closer to where it all happens. He started to take part in the activities of the Surrealists, which became his style of choice for the majority of his life. Magritte began combining words and images in his paintings. These word-pictures were not mere illustrations of an object or a concept. Just the opposite, his work was intended to gently destabilize our mental habits of representation. Magritte elaborated a instructive classification of this type of painting, the simplest which consisted of denying an images through words, or vice v ersa. Magritte shared the Surrealist concept of the power of desire and eroticism to change life and wanted to translate this idea through unconventional images. He continued involving metamorphosis in his work. In Black Magic, a naked woman leaning on a rock gradually merges into the blue sky. The painter was, nevertheless, distrustful of the obvious seduction of beautiful colors. In The Rape he even pushed it to the point of obsession with the features of a woman's face replaced by sexual attributes, such as breasts, a belly button and pubic hair.. In 1940, Magritte was going through a crisis resulting from the German occupation in World War II. Also, at this point Magritte’s financial situation became an issue and his dissatisfaction with his own paintings. From then on, he decided that a feeling of pleasure and an atmosphere of happiness had to predominate over the sense of anxiety. Magritte first thought about changing his iconography and began to paint the leaf-birds, which are seen in two works from 1942, Treasure Island and The Companions of Fear.

Nelson Mandela And His Life And Work History History Essay

Nelson Mandela. The adult male everyone knows about. The adult male who was against the Apartheid. He did n't merely speak about it, but he besides did something about it. He ‘s a great adult male. In this chapter we ‘ll speak about his life, his actions and how these actions have changed the universe. Biography Rolihlahla Mandela, subsequently called Nelson Mandela, was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo. A bantam small town in the state of Transkei, South Africa. Mandela ‘s male parent had three married womans. The 3rd one was Mandela ‘s female parent, here name was Nosekeni Fanny. Mandela ‘s male parent was destined to be a main and served as a counselor to tribal heads. But this was non traveling tot happen. Over a difference with the local colonial magistrate, he lost his rubric and luck. Because of this event, they were forced to travel tot Qunu. This was an even smaller small town so Mvezo and lay in North of it. The small town was n't developed by far. There were n't any roads, merely some foot waies. The household lived in huts and could merely afford the local crop to eat. This consisted corn, sorghum, Cucurbita pepo and beans. Water could merely be fetched from springs and watercourses and cookery was done outdoors. Mandela ‘s household had a truly heard clip, but he himself could still be a kid. He played games with the other male childs who lived in the small town. Rolihlahla ‘s male parent ‘s friends suggested that Rolihlahla would travel to the Methodist church and so he became the first in his household to go to school. As was the usage at the clip, Rolihlahla got a new first name. This was likely due to significance of his old name: ‘troublemaker ‘ . His instructor told him his new name would be ‘Nelson ‘ . Since so Mandela was no longer called Rolihlahla, but Nelson Mandela. The name of the adult male we know today as a really great adult male in history. When Nelson Mandela was nine old ages old his male parent died of a lung disease. This changed his life dramatically. He was adopted by Chief Jongintaba Dalindvebo, the moving trustee of the Thembu people. Old ages earlier Nelson ‘s male parent had recommended Jongintaba to be made a head. So this was done as a gesture to him. This acceptance meant that Nelson had to go forth the small town Qunu. He moved to Mqhekezweni, the provincial capital of Thembuland. Here was the head ‘s royal abode where Nelson would be populating in the following few old ages. His new household treated him good. Nelson was given the same position and duties as the trustee ‘s two other kids, his boy Justice and his girl Namafu. Nelson besides got instruction. He studied English, Xhosa, history and geographics at a one-room school next to the castle. During his stay in Mqhekezweni, a few senior trustees came to the Great Palace on official concern. It was caused by them that he got so interested by African history. They told him about South Africa. About the manner how the people lived in peace before the white people had arrived. The people of South Africa lived as brothers until the white work forces ruined that bond. The white work forces took all the land for themselves and left nil for its original dwellers. This cognition has had a great influence on his ulterior life. When the male childs in Africa were 16 old ages old, they would do the passage from boyhood to manhood. So would Mandela. This was a ritual every male child would travel through in his life. When it was Mandela ‘s bend, it was n't an ordinary rite. Most of the clip the rite was something you should be happy about. You were turning into a adult male! But this clip it was n't that cheerful. The chief talker at the ceremonial, Chief Meliggili, spoke unhappily of the immature work forces as a coevals enslaved in their ain state. Their land was under the control of the white work forces, so they would ne'er hold the power to regulate themselves, he said. Because of this it was non the ceremonial the immature male childs had expected. But at least, Nelson had eventually turned into a adult male! In 1939, the twelvemonth when Nelson turned 18, he went to the University College of Fort Hare. This was the lone residential Centre of higher acquisition for inkinesss in South Africa. You can compare Fort Hare with Oxford or Harvard. Mandela took all the needed classs, but focused on Roman Dutch jurisprudence. This was to fix for a calling in civil service as an translator or clerk. This was the best profession you could obtain as a black adult male. A few hebdomads after Nelson got home from the University College of Fort Hare, the trustee Jongintaba announced he had arranged a matrimony for him. Mandela was shocked and felt trapped. He ran off to Johannesburg, where he had a assortment of occupations. While he was working he besides was finishing his unmarried man ‘s degree via correspondence classs. After this he went to the University of Witwatersrand where he studied jurisprudence. During his survey he became actively involved in the anti-apartheid motion and joined the African National Congress ( ANC ) in 1942. Within the ANC, a little group of immature Africans ( Nelson Mandela included ) bonded together, naming themselves the African National Congress Youth League. They wanted to alter the old tactics of polite petitioning. They wanted to make something that was effectual. In 1949 the ANC officially adopted the methods of the Youth League. From now on they used methods like work stoppages, civil noncompliance and non-cooperation with the white work forces. Their end was to acquire redistribution of land, merchandise brotherhood rights and free and mandatory instruction for all the black kids. For 20 old ages Nelson directed a run of peaceable, non-violent rebelliousness against the South African authorities and its racialist policies. These runs included the Defiance Campaign in 1952 and the Congress of the Peoples in 1955. But non everything was condoned. In 1956 Mandela and 150 others were arrested, but besides instantly acquitted. During this period, a new organisation was formed, the Africanists. Another group of black militants, but who disagreed with the methods of the ANC. They thought it was uneffective. By 1959 the ANC lost much of its support, because of the Pan-Africanist Congress. The new name of the Africanists, who had grown in figure of back uping people. Mandela, who was ever committed tot non-violent protest, began to believe otherwise by 1961. He believed the lone manner to accomplish alteration was armed battle. Because of this new idea he co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe, besides known as MK. This was an armed outgrowth of the ANC. It was formed to stop apartheid utilizing guerrilla war tactics and sabotage. He organized a three-day national workers work stoppage in 1961, which led to his apprehension in 1962. He was sentenced to five old ages in prison for the work stoppage. But this was n't the concluding determination. He was brought to test once more in 1963, where he and ten other ANC leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment for political offenses, including sabotage. Mandela was imprisoned on Robben Island. Here he received the lowest degree of intervention because of the fact that he was a black political captive. However, Mandela spent a portion of his imprisonment rather good. He earned a Bachelor of Law degree through a University of London correspondence plan. About everyone in the universe knew Mandela by so. He was a symbol of black opposition. Mandela got much international support, but this was n't that helpful for him. The South African authorities kept him locked up on Robben Island. Mandela did n't remain on Robben Island. In 1982 he and the other ANC leaders were moved to Pollsmoor Prison. This was to enable contact between the captives and the authorities of South Africa. Many offers were made to Mandela. So offered president P.W. Botha in 1985 Mandela ‘s release in exchange for abdicating armed battle, but this offer was rejected. The force per unit area continued to lift. Not merely local, but besides international. In 1989 Botha suffered a shot. Because of this he was replaces by Frederik Willem de Klerk. This alteration of president led to the release of Mandela in 1990. Not merely this had changed. The ANC were unbanned, the limitations on political groups were removed and executings were suspended. Mandela did n't desire foreign powers to interfere. He stated a committedness to work toward peace. But he did n't stop the armed battle of the ANC. This would go on until the black bulk received the right to vote. In 1991 Mandela was elected president of the ANC. He kept negociating with president De Klerk. He still wanted multi-racial elections. The white people were willing to portion the power, so that was n't the job. The job was that many black Africans wanted a complete transportation of power. The dialogues were frequently really labored and there were a batch of violent eruptions trough the whole state. Besides Mandela played a function in the agitation of the land. He made certain the presentations and armed opposition went on, to put an even heavier force per unit area on the South African authorities. Mandela ‘s tactics led to success. On April 27, 1994, the first democratic elections were held in South Africa. A few months subsequently, on May 10, 1994, Mandela ( who was 77 old ages old ) was chosen to be the state ‘s first black president. De Klerk was became his first deputy. Nelson and de Klerk won the Nobel Prize for Pease in 1993, for leveling apartheid. Mandela published his autobiography ‘Long Walk to Freedom ‘ in 1994. Much of this book had he, in secret, written while he was in prison. Mandela worked while he was president on the relationship between the black and the white people. He used the state ‘s enthusiasm for athleticss for this. He encouraged the black work forces to back up the white work forces with their athleticss, in peculiar Rugby. And so he encouraged the white work forces to back up the black work forces with their athleticss. This led to Mandela ‘s end, a better relationship between those to groups. Not merely did he work on this, he besides worked on the state ‘s economic system. He protected it from prostration. Mandela had formed a Reconstruction and Development Plan, which led to the creative activity of new occupations, lodging and basic wellness attention. In 1996 he signed into the jurisprudence of South Africa that everyone was equal to each other and that everyone had the right to vote. In 1999 Mandela retired from active political relations. He still maintained a busy agenda. He had founded his ain organisation: the Mandela Foundation. This foundation built schools and clinics in South Africa. He besides published a figure of books. Those were about his life and battle. Mandela was diagnosed and treated for prostate malignant neoplastic disease. Three old ages subsequently, in June 2004, he announced his formal retirement from public life. He returned to his native small town of Qunu. This was at the age of 85 old ages. In July 2007, Mandela convened a group of universe leaders in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Among them Graca Machel, Desmond Tutu, Kofi Annan, Ela Bhatt, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Jimmy Carter, Li Zhaoxing, Mary Robinson and Muhammad Yunus. They named themselves ‘The Elders ‘ . This group wanted to happen solutions to jobs around the universe. The fought for peace, adult females ‘s equality, an terminal to atrociousnesss and democracy. Mandela besides fought against AIDS. This disease killed his boy, Makgatho Mandela in 2005. Mandela was married three times. To Evelyn Ntoko Mase from 1944 boulder clay 1957, they had four kids. From 1958 boulder clay 1996 he was married with Winnie Madikizela-Mandela with whom he had two girls. He ‘s now married to Gra & A ; ccedil ; a Machel since 1998. A closer expression to his actions

Today Online Banking In The UK Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1795 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Today online banking in the UK allows individuals to access manage and transact on all aspects of personal finance Introduction: In the recent years, innovation has played an important role to develop the financial markets sector. One of the recent developments was the internet that becomes a source of data base and new method of communication. In the last 30 years the United Kingdom has witnessed the introduction of the online banking as method of providing a variety of financial products. In the same manner internet has used in the financial market to provide the opportunity for customers and investor to manage and invest in new financial products without the need for a financial adviser or the use of traditional banking services. These services are provided through the use of the online financial market and the online management account. (Daniel1999). The financial supermarket service provides the opportunity for investors to access different share markets and trade with different type of financial products such as saving account, cash ISA, bonds. The disadvantage of financial supermarket is that does not provide all of the financial products in the same time (Durkin, M., 2007). On other hand Non- financial corporations start to compete in the financial service market motivated by the use of internet that allow them to offer financial services to customers the same as any financial institution with lower costs(Daniel1999) . For example, Sainsburyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s now offers variety of financial services through their online website or through their retail branches. At the same time online service does not only provide financial products to customers but also provide a variety of financial data that customers and investors can use to compare between different organisations in the finical market. The banking online service has offered an Online Management Account that allows individual customers to setup an online account by registering their personal details and identification information. Also online banking provides different measure of security such as securit y password, proof of identification and proof of address. Once the customers have registered with online financial institute, they will able to access their online account at any time. The online account will provide customers with variety of services such as checking debt payments and standing orders and make payment through direct or credit card. Also management account can gave them access to check payment history and any received money. In recent years banking online system has developed a transferring money service through different accounts that give them cheaper method of transferring money in comparison with traditional method that are takes lot of time to process and has high costs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Today Online Banking In The UK Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Adoption of online banking in the UK: Since the introduction of the online banking in the early 1980s, the online has been always observed as specious method of service and has been slowly adopted as new method of money transaction. Several different researches by academic bodies have showed the different development of adopting the online banking in the UK. In the year 1999 research study published by the London business school that aimed to analyse the motivation behind the development of the online banking based on two organisational and market factors. The research has involved 44 of the largest banks in the UK and showed that 25% of British Banks providing online service while 75% are thinking of developing online Banking system. (Telecomworldwire 2003) . In the year 2008 a research study by APACS showed the number of online banking users has been increased from 3.5 million users in the year 2000 to 21 million users in the year 2008 with increase of 505%. (Credit Management 2008). In the same time other auth ors still believe that online banking is slowly adapted. In his article (Internet Banking In The Uk), white argue that level of online banking users is not the same level as internet users, according to white research the British users still have a lot of security concerns regarding the online transactions(White,. 2004). In his research White has interviewed 56 online banking customers some of the customers where interesting in timeliness of the service while other group where concerned regarding the security system of the online banking (White,. 2004). White argues that most of customers tend to use non-traditional online banking such as Egg rather than traditional banks such as Royal bank of Scotland. The reasons is that non-traditional provide a higher level of security and better performance and credibility. Overall White believes that customers tend use online banking for secondary financial activities such as deposit accounts. He also concludes that majority of UK Customers Pr efer traditional banking service for their financial priorities rather than use of online service. (White,. 2004). The advantage of online banking: Since 1980s the banking sector in the UK has been affected by various external developments such as internet. This development has played an important role in attracting customers and competing effectively in the financial sector. The internet will offer the opportunity to switch financial intuitions at any time with click of button (brahim, E.E,2006). It also offers customer to overview all financial product available and compare between different services in easy access. In the same time online banking provided financial organisations to reduce the number of their employees. This development has reduced the overall cost of entering in the financial market and influence new competitors to compete in the same sector (brahim, E.E,2006). Today it is not only banks that offer financial services but retail stores such as Tesco and online financial service providers such as Egg. Also the online network has increased banks profit because of internet delivery service that is more practica l to customers and cheaper method to deliver services in comparison with establishing a bank (Anne, J.B,2002). It has also attracted more customers and contained the current customers. The advantage for customer is that they can be confident of fast and efficient service at all times (Anne, J.B,2002). Another benefit online banking provides higher interest rate in comparison with traditional banking. This means that customer will have higher return at the end of each year. There is no restriction on accessing the service and easier way to pay payments plus fast transactions between different accounts that saves a lot of time in comparison using the telephone service or the branch. On other hand there is several disadvantages for example security issues a high number of customer still have some concerns regarding the use of online service , also the changes in sites and new updates can be confusing and complicating to customers . Also the internet banking does not target all genders and ages. Older ages (50-65) still prefer to use the traditional banking service. Future aspect of online banking: The fast usage of internet among people and organisations has led banks to the development of the online service. It started when banks started provide information about their servicer through internet by setting websites and providing information details about all of their financial products and services (Waite, Harrison,., 2002). In the same time the increase access of the internet and development of providing different products through the internet has influenced banks to start develop their own websites toward providing services through the internet. In the same time online banking become faster and more efficient method of providing service rather the use traditional way and also more beneficial to the banks in the terms of lower level of expenses such establishing branch in different geographical location and low cost of maintenance. Using the online banking has influenced new competitors to compete in the banking service due to low cost and number of employees. It also meant that customers can access their account at any time in any part of the world (Waite, Harrison,., 2002). Also the use of the online banking system has opened more opportunities for banks to attract new customers from different part of the world and compete in larger scale markets. On other hand online banking has provided customers the ability to manage their account where there is reduction in time loss and no cost of using the service. In the same time some academic authors has viewed physical banking service has more in risky specially in the scale of market risk, solvency risk while in the online banking customers tend to have more advantage to control these risks. However using online banking can create different measures of risks such as privacy and security risks. The usage of customersacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ personal data is an important aspect in the processing of the online service (Aodheen Odonnell 2002). The sharing of this private information can viewed as risk to many cus tomers that has suspicions regarding the security measures provided by each bank. In the same time Banks with highly restricted security measures can create time loss risk and decrease level of services provided to customers. In general terms the future aspect online banking seems positive due to fast and easy access service. Conclusion Today with the influence of technology and innovation in our life and business, markets has become more aware of the changes should implemented to improve their opportunities to satisfy customer demand and meet people expectation. Today online banking sector has become one of the main attractive markets and has attract new investors and international competitors mainly because it became widely popular among people and it has positive future prospect with low level of investment . On other hand customers start observe that online banking as cheaper and easier way of payment and effect method of account management. The adoption of online banking in the UK has increased rapidly in the last ten years, mainly because of the advantages provided by the system and the wide increase of internet users. However some customers still believes that use of traditional banking are important and canacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be replaced by the online banking. According to the recent research the number of UK users has been increased from 3.5 million users from the year 2000 to 21 million users in the year 2008 and the majority of the transactions have been categorized second level transaction (Credit Management 2008). This gives clear indication that customers still specious to use online service, mainly because of the security and privacy risks that create barrier for the wide spread of the online banking. In summary, customers observe that online banking as a useful method of transaction but they still believes that traditional banking is much more secured service and canacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be replaced by the online banking even though there has been an increase in the last seven years. It furthermore indicates that traditional banking plays a significant and fundamental role in the banking sector.